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Compare Malawi (2001) - Arctic Ocean (2005)

Compare Malawi (2001) z Arctic Ocean (2005)

 Malawi (2001)Arctic Ocean (2005)
 MalawiArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions 24 districts; Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba; note - there may be three new districts named Balaka, Likoma, and Phalombe -
Age structure 0-14 years:
44.43% (male 2,348,940; female 2,337,290)

15-64 years:
52.78% (male 2,741,622; female 2,825,966)

65 years and over:
2.79% (male 119,283; female 175,149) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats -
Airports 44 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
38

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
14

under 914 m:
23 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
118,480 sq km

land:
94,080 sq km

water:
24,400 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Pennsylvania slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 37.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$490 million

expenditures:
$523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.)		 -
Capital Lilongwe -
Climate sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 45,389 km
Constitution 18 May 1994 -
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Malawi

conventional short form:
Malawi

former:
British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland		 -
Currency Malawian kwacha (MWK) -
Death rate 22.81 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $2.9 billion (2000 est.) -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Roger A. MEECE

embassy:
Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road

mailing address:
P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi

telephone:
[265] 773 166

FAX:
[265] 770 471		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO

chancery:
2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 797-1007		 -
Disputes - international dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $427 million (1999) -
Economy - overview Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 37% of GDP and 85% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 950 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 3 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.025 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
2.44%

hydro:
97.56%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m

highest point:
Sapitwa 3,002 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea		 -
Ethnic groups Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European -
Exchange rates Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 80.0946 (December 2000), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997), 15.3085 (1996) -
Executive branch chief of state:
President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
36-member Cabinet named by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3%		 -
Exports $416 million (f.o.b., 2000) -
Exports - commodities tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products -
Exports - partners South Africa 16%, Germany 16%, US 15%, Netherlands 7%, Japan (1999) -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band -
GDP purchasing power parity - $9.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
37%

industry:
29%

services:
34% (1998 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $900 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 13 30 S, 34 00 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note landlocked major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Highways total:
16,451 km

paved:
3,126 km

unpaved:
13,325 km (1997)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $435 million (f.o.b., 2000) -
Imports - commodities food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment -
Imports - partners South Africa 43%, Zimbabwe 14%, UK 5%, Germany 5%, Zambia, Japan, US (1999) -
Independence 6 July 1964 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods -
Infant mortality rate 121.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 29.5% (2000) -
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2001) -
Irrigated land 280 sq km (1993 est.) -
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts -
Labor force 3.5 million -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 86% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
2,881 km

border countries:
Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km		 -
Land use arable land:
34%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
20%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
7% (1993 est.)		 -
Languages English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally -
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 94, MCP 66, AFORD 29, others 4		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.08 years

male:
36.61 years

female:
37.55 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
58%

male:
72.8%

female:
43.4% (1999 est.)		 -
Location Southern Africa, east of Zambia body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Africa Arctic Region
Maritime claims none (landlocked) -
Military branches Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $9.5 million (FY00/01) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.76% (FY00/01) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,466,708 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,265,893 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Independence Day, 6 July (1964) -
Nationality noun:
Malawian(s)

adjective:
Malawian		 -
Natural hazards NA ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; National Independence Party; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eston KAKHOME, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 10,548,250

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)		 -
Population below poverty line 54% (FY90/91 est.) -
Population growth rate 1.5% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 4 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 3 (1998) -
Radios 2.6 million (1997) -
Railways total:
789 km

narrow gauge:
789 km 1.067-m gauge		 -
Religions Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
fair system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 37,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 7,000 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1999) -
Terrain narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways 144 km

note:
on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall		 -
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